空间站任务航天员队伍规模模型及选拔策略研究

Study on Team Size Model and Selection Strategy of Astronauts for Space Station Mission

目的建立空间站航天员队伍规模需求数学模型和单批次选拔人数模型,为后续我国航天员选拔策略的制定提供理论参考。方法根据航天员选拔训练经验及空间站任务特点,分阶段建立空间站航天员队伍规模需求模型、单批次航天员选拔人数等数学模型,对航天员选拔训练中的多个求解因素采用量化设计,进行优化与求解,并根据求解提出选拔策略。结果建设期队伍规模需求模型结果为15人,运营期队伍规模需求模型结果为30人,现有两批航天员已不能满足建设期需要,第三批航天员选拔最少人数为11人,空间站运营I期最优求解每6年选拔1次,每次7～8人。结论模型为后续任务航天员选拔人数及周期提出了建议,并在第三批航天员选拔论证工作中得到了应用。

Objective To establish the mathematical model for the team size of the space station astronauts and the model for the number of astronauts selected in a single batch,and thus provide theoretical reference for the establishment of astronaut selection strategy in China.Methods Based on the experience of astronaut selection and training and the features of space station mission,the mathematical models of astronaut team size and the number of astronauts selected in a single batch were established.Quantitative design was adopted to optimize and solve the multiple factors in astronaut selection and training,and then the selection strategies were put forward according to the solution.Results The solutions of the team size model for the construction period and the operation period of the space station were 15 and 30 respectively.The number of astronaut in the existing two batches could not satisfy the needs of the construction period,and the minimum number selected in the third batch of astronaut was 11.The optimal solution of the operation period I of the space station was to select 7~8 astronauts every 6 years.Conclusion The model proposed in this paper could provide good reference for number and frequency of astronaut selection in the future.It was applied and verified in the selection of the third batch of astronauts.