“把”字句的结构功能动因分析

Syntactic and Functional Motivations for “ba” Construction in Mandarin

本文讨论"把"字句的三种功能动因,主要讨论"NP_1把NP_2 VR""把"字句,这类"把"字句是在通格结构的基础上通过增加施格成分(施格化操作)得到的,施格化操作的功能动因是引进并凸显使因者,因此这一类"把"本质上是施格化句法操作的功能标记。由于结构类推的作用,某些宾格结构中的宾语也可以先通过隐性的被动化操作然后引进施格成分构成合格的"把"字句。"把"字句是汉语普通话的汉藏语语系类型、语序混合类型、主宾格-施通格类型混合的产物。本文最后对"把"字句的三种功能驱动因素作了说明。

This article analyzes the three functional motivations for BA Construction in the form of'NP1 ba NP2 VR'.We hypothesize that'ba'Structure is derived from the absolutive structure via an ergativizational operation,which is to introduce and highlight the agent.Therefore,the word'ba'in its nature serves as a marker of the ergativizational operation.In some circumstances,'ba'Conatruction comes from the structural analogy in which the objects in some accusative patterns undergo passivization and ergativization.Mandarin'ba'Construction is a combination of SinoTibetan language type,mixed word order type and nominative-ergative pattern.The three functional motivations for'ba'Construction are explained as well.