话语的叙事分析法:理论、方法与实例

Narrative Approach to Discourse Analysis:Theory,Method and a Case Study

本文探讨话语与叙事之间的逻辑结构关系,解析叙事作为一种普遍的语言应用形式的本质特征及其构成要素,特别是叙事在话语的社会文化功能实现中所起的独特作用。通过梳理普罗普的类型化叙事结构及列维·斯特劳斯二元对立的叙事结构,讨论了叙事在语言应用中的普遍意义与重要的表现形式。以此为基础,本文提出了叙事分析的一种参考模式,从宏观的角度审视语言应用的叙事特征与风格。文中后半部分以西方报道中国为例,以结构主义叙事分析为方法,解剖媒体语言的叙事结构及其为话语的实现所扮演的不可或缺的角色。

This article examines the complex structural and logical interrelationships between discourse and narrative,focusing on the nature of narrative,its key components,application and roles in everyday sociocultural lives.In particular,it discusses how narrative serves to realise various types of discourses.Through delineating Vladimir Propp’s narrative functions as dramatis personae and Levi-Strauss’narrative as binary oppositions,this article highlights the significance of narrative as a popular form of language use and its most salient modes of application.Based on such discussions,it proposes a macro model of narrative analysis as a broad framework to examine styles and features of narrative in a specific linguistic text.A case study of media reports on China is provided as an illustration of applying this model to uncover the structure of media narrative and its indispensable role in realising discourse.