宋元时期归善县少数民族分布考

Research on the Minority's Distribution in Guishan County during Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元是粤东重镇归善县乃至东江中上游近代民族格局的滥觞时期。文章认为此间归善县乃至惠州(路)无瑶、无畲的传统观点颇值商榷。结合宋元至明初归善及周边地区瑶、畲叛乱的记载,该地区地理环境,瑶、畲生产生活特性及其北宋中叶以来在广东境内的迁移方向,可知至迟元后期,来自珠江三角洲的瑶人已迁至归善西南部山区,其东部和东北部则接纳了来自粤闽赣边的畲族迁民。此外,来自北方的女真人乃至契丹、高丽人,可能也播迁至此,从而形成以汉族为主、多民族融合的局面。

Song and Yuan Dynasties were the origin period of modern ethnic pattern of Guishan County,an important town of eastern Guangdong,and even the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang River. The traditional view,which thinks that Guishan County and even Huizhou( Road) had no people of the Yaos and the Shes during this period,is quite worth discussing. We know that there were some people of the Yaos from the Pearl River Delta migrated to the mountain area in the southwest of Guishan County,and its east and northeast area accepted some immigrants of the Shes from the junction of Guangdong,Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces in the late Yuan Dynasty at latest,combined with records on the Yaos and the Shes' armed rebellion in Guishan County and its surrounding areas between Song and Yuan dynasty and early Ming,the geographical environment of this areas,the Yaos and the Shes' s characteristics of life and production as well as their migration direction in Guangdong Province since the middle of Northen Song Dynasty. Besides,some people of the Nvzhen and even the Qidan and the Korean from the North might have immigrated here,thus forming the situation dominated by the Hans with multi-ethnic fusion.