近代五邑华侨群体形成的内因——以“挑战与应战”学说分析

The Cause of the Formation of the Group of Overseas Chinese from Wuyi Region in Modern Times ——in light of“challenge with accepts challenge”theory

近代五邑地区大规模的华侨群体的产生是大量民众移民海外的结果。从五邑自身来说,大规模的海外移民为什么会发生?文章借鉴汤因比的"挑战与应战"学说,分析了近代五邑地区所面临的多种环境挑战,这些挑战具体表现为困难地方的刺激、打击的刺激、压力的刺激和遭遇不幸的刺激,在此基础上探讨了该地区民众选择的应战方式,即首先就近选择困难较小的地区进行移民,进而转向外省甚至是海外进行移民,而海外移民成为这一时期主要的应战方式。

The formation of a large number of overseas Chinese groups from Wuyi region in modern times caused the large numger of emigration toward overseas. In light of Toynbee's'challenge with accepts challenge'theory,this article analyzes a variety of environmental challenges in Wuyi region at that time,the concrete manifestation including difficulty stimulation,attack stimulation,pressure stimulation and unfortunate bitter experience stimulation,and further analyzes the way in which the local people chose to deal with these challenges,that is,to emigrate first to some closer regions where the situation was less difficult,then to other provinces and evn to overseas,the last being the main way of accetting the challenges.