抵拒洋务到斟酌邦交:刘坤一与洋务运动时期的中日关系

From Resistance to Foreign Affairs to Consideration of Foreign Relations:LIU Kunyi and Sino-Japanese Relations during Westernization Movement

刘坤一在近代中日关系中扮演了重要的角色。洋务运动时期,刘坤一在政治地位日益提升的过程中,由抵拒、消极对待洋务到客观认识洋务,日益注重处理对外关系。19世纪60年代以后,中日外交事件不断增多,刘坤一成为东南地区最为重要的处理外交事宜的地方督抚之一,但刘坤一未能像李鸿章一样对日本形成具象化、客观化的认识。随着《中日修好条规》的签订和中日关系的不断发展,刘坤一对日本的认识进一步深化,强调斟酌邦交成为他主持对外交涉事宜的一条主线。刘坤一的宦海生涯中,对日外交成为其政治生活中的重要组成部分。同时,他对清政府的外交政略也产生了较为重要的影响。

LIU Kunyi played an important role in the Sino-Japanese relations in modern times.During the period of the Westernization Movement,in the process of increasing his political status,LIU Kunyi paid more and more attention to foreign relations,changing his attitude from denial and negative to objective understanding of westernization.After the 1860 s,diplomatic events between China and Japan kept increasing,and LIU Kunyi became one of the most important local governors-in-charge of handling diplomatic affairs in southeast China.However,LIU Kunyi failed to form a concrete and objective understanding of Japan like LI Hongzhang.With the signing of the articles of amity between China and Japan and the continuous development of Sino-Japanese relations,LIU Kunyi further deepened his understanding of Japan and stressed that diplomatic relations should be considered as one of the main lines of his foreign negotiations.During LIU Kunyi’s career as a eunuch,diplomacy with Japan became an important part of his political life.At the same time,he also had an important influence on the foreign policy of the Qing government.