湖南省油茶病虫害情况及其特点

Investigation on the Pests of Tea-Oil Tree in Hunan

为了初步掌握湖南省油茶病虫害发生的实际情况,于2011~2013年采用路线调查法,对我省主要油茶分布县(市、区)油茶病虫害进行了实地调查。记录我省油茶病害29种,以油茶炭疽病(Glomerella cingulata)、软腐病(Agaricodochium camelliae)为油茶主要病害,发生面积较大;虫害种类较多,共计112种,发生较为严重的有茶籽象甲(Curculio chinensis)、茶角胸叶甲(Basilepta melanopus)、茶小卷叶蛾(Archips orana)和茶长卷叶蛾(Homona magnanima)等12种;对不同类型油茶林病害进行了比较,苗圃和老林病害发生严重;不同类型油茶林害虫物种多样性分析表明,新造林害虫物种优势度指数较高,而成林、低改林为害较轻。同时,结合文献资料对油茶有害生物的发生原因进行了讨论,并提出了建立以生态控制技术为主的无公害防治体系的建议。

In order to grasp occurrence situation of pests on tea-oil tree in Hunan,an investigation was conducted by using line-transect method from 2011 a to 2013 a.Results showed:Gloeosporium theae-sinesis and Agaricodochium camellia were the main diseases in the province.There were112 harmful insects in all,in which 10 insects including Curculio chinensis,Basilepta melanopus,Homona magnanima were the most serious pest.Compared with new plantation,mature plantation,transformed low-yeild forest and cutting orchard,nursery and old forest more easily to be infected with disease.The richness index in transformed low-yeild forest was 75,but which has the lowest dominance index,and the species diversity of pest was higher in new plantation than other study areas,yet its dominance index was also higher.Based on large amounts of references and investigations,tea pest occurrence causes in Hunan province was discussed,and put forward to build ecological control technology of non-pollution control system.