糖醋酒凝胶诱蛾配方的均匀设计优化

Optimization of Sugar-acetic Acid-ethanol Agaropection Attractant for Trapping Pest Moths

糖醋酒液是诱杀蛾类成虫的一项重要措施,诱虫谱广,雌雄兼诱。然而,对益虫以及害虫选择性差、成本过高制约了该技术的农田的大规模应用。笔者采用配方均匀设计将一系列糖醋酒配方成型于琼脂凝胶进行了诱捕试验。结果表明:①糖醋酒琼脂凝胶诱芯可以诱捕,甜菜夜蛾、银纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、白条夜蛾、小地老虎5种,螟蛾有玉米螟、桃蛀螟、甜菜白带螟、豇豆荚螟、稻纵卷叶螟5种,还能诱到许多天敌昆虫和授粉昆虫。鳞翅目中2个最大的科夜蛾科和螟蛾科害虫的诱捕量与乙酸和乙醇的交互作用呈显著相关关系,但与红糖的存在与否差异不大;相反,益虫总诱捕量则与红糖剂量对数值显著有关。乙酸和乙醇必须同时存在,减少红糖用量对鳞翅目害虫的诱捕没有影响,但有助于提高诱杀害虫/益虫比,并有助于降低成本;②糖醋酒凝胶诱芯与典型的花香引诱剂的诱虫谱明显不同。前者夜蛾类害虫诱捕量占总诱捕量的59.05%,螟蛾类占26.15%;而后者中夜蛾类占27.99%,螟蛾占66.02%,说明两大类鳞翅目成虫存在着显著气味偏好性分化,夜蛾中除了金翅夜蛾亚科的种类外均偏好发酵产物和高浓度的糖,尤其是切根夜蛾亚科的地老虎类,而螟蛾则偏好花香气味。

The combination of brown sugar,vinegar,and wine has fairly generic trap-andkill spectrum,not only the males but also the ovipositioning females could be caught However,both the ratio of the captures to the natural population level,and that of target pests to beneficial insects being caught,has never been improved to a satisfactory degree.The author prepared a serial of sugar-acetic acid-ethanol mixtures based on Uniform Design of Mixture,and formulated these materials into agaro-pectin,then conducted field trapping experiment in the field.The results show that five noctuid species could trap:Spodoptera exigua,Argyrogramma agnata,Helicoverpa armigera,A.albostriata,and Agrotis ypsilon,and the five abundant pyralid moth species were Ostrinia furnacalis,Conogethes punctiferalis,Hymenia recurvalis,Maruca testulalis,and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,as well as many natural enemies and pollinators.The trap catch of Noctuidae and pyralidae showed significant relation with the interaction of acetic acid and ethanol,while the trap catch of beneficial species showed significant relation with the dose(Log transformed)of brown sugar.The main components in vinegar and wine,acetic acid and ethanol,respectively,acted synergically,and the addition of brown sugar was recommended to reduce for it played a secondary role in pest trapping.The attraction spectrums of fermented lures and typical floral attractant are remarkably different.In the trapped species of the former,noctuid moths accounted for 59.05%,and pyralid moths accounted for 26.15%,while in that of the latter,noctuid species was 27.99%and pyralid moths was 66.02%,suggesting the scent preferences of the two largest families were differentiated in co-evolution,but the Plusiinae showed similar scent preference to that of the pyralids.