应用圆形分布法分析间日疟流行区疟疾发病与传疟按蚊的季节特征及其关系

Analysis of the Relationship and Seasonal Characteristics Between Malaria Occurrence and Its Vector in Plasmodium vivax Malaria Endemic Area Through Circular Distribution Method

了解间日疟流行区疟疾发病与传疟媒介按蚊的季节分布特征及其两者的关系,为防止输入性疟疾引起二代病例及消除疟疾路径分析和验证工作提供依据。收集湖北省疟疾消除启动前2005—2009年5个疟疾监测点疟疾疫情和蚊媒监测的历史资料,按月统计闻日疟发病数和蚊媒密度,采用圆形分布法进行分析。湖北省2005—2009年疟疾发病高峰日、高峰期和流行期分别为7月28日、5月26日至9月28日和3月27日至11月28日,高峰期和流行期天数分别为为126天和246天;媒介按蚊活动的高峰日、高峰期和传播期分别为7月30日、6月15日至9月12日和5月2日至10月26日,高峰期和传播期天数分别为90天和176天:2005—2009年蚊媒活动高峰日比疟疾发病高峰日迟2天,疟疾发病高峰期比蚊媒活动高峰期天数差值为36天,疟疾发病流行期比蚊媒活动传播期天数差值为70天。蚊媒密度平均角单独检验有统计学意义(P<0.01);各年疟疾发病平均角比较有统计学意义(F=14.84,P<0.01)。湖北省疟疾发病及媒介按蚊活动均存在明显的季节性高峰;由于环境改变,气候变化,生产生活方式变化,疟疾发病季节性与蚊煤季节性特征一致性比早期研究差异较大。

To understand the relationship and seasonal characteristics between malaria occurred and its transmitting vector in Plasmodium vivax(p.v.)endemic area and providing the basis for malaria elimination path analysis and validation work and preventing the second generation cases by the imported malaria.Collecting historical data of malaria cases and the medium of malaria about five malaria monitoring points from 2005 to 2009.The number of p.v.cases and density of anopheles were analyzed monthly through the circular distribution method.In 2005—2009,the peak day,the peak period and the epidemic period of malaria cases occurrence were on July 28,May 26-September 28 and March 27-November 2,respectively.The peak period and epidemic period werel26 days and 246 days,respectively;the peak day,the peak period and the transmission period of anopheles were on July 30,June 15-September 12 and May 2-October 26,respectively.The peak period and transmission period were 90 days and 176 days,respectively;In 2005—2009,the peak day of anopheles was later 2 days than the malaria cases occurrence peak.The peak period of anopheles was less than that of malaria cases appearance for 36 days,the epidemic period of malaria was more than that of anopheles for 70 days,the average Angle inspection alone of the density of anopheles had statistical significance(P<0.01);there were significant difference between each average Angle in annual malaria incidence(F=14.84,P<0.01).There were obvious seasonal peak of malaria cases occurrence and anopheles activity in Hubei Province.Due to environmental change,climate change,production and lifestyle changes of peoples,the seasonal characteristics consistency between the malaria occurrence and the anopheles activity were greater differences than earlier studies.