攻击和逃跑:亚致死剂量杀虫剂影响昆虫翅型分化的研究进展

Attack and escape:Effects of Sublethal Dose of Insecticides on Insect Wing Dimorphism

翅型分化现象广泛存在于一些昆虫类群中,并受到遗传和环境的复杂调控。具翅型昆虫的迁移扩散能力远强于无翅型昆虫,尤其对于刺吸式的同翅目昆虫来说,能造成植物病毒病的大范围传播,这种病毒病对农业生产所造成的损失往往比刺吸式昆虫吸取植物汁液本身的为害要大很多。因而,昆虫的翅型分化,尤其是同翅目昆虫的翅型分化受到越来越多的关注和研究。目前,对同翅目昆虫的防控,主要还是以喷洒化学杀虫剂为主。以往的研究表明,化学杀虫剂在杀死绝大部分害虫的同时,对一些接受剂量较低的昆虫,也会造成各种生理、生化和发育方面的影响。越来越多的研究发现,亚致死剂量的某些杀虫剂可诱导昆虫翅的产生,增加种群中有翅型个体比例,这也许是昆虫对抗杀虫剂这种不利环境的一种适应性策略。为系统整理这方面的研究成果,本文首先综述了影响昆虫翅型分化的环境因素及翅型分化的内分泌和分子机制,其次总结了亚致死剂量杀虫剂对昆虫翅型分化影响的一些研究进展,最后初步探讨了杀虫剂影响昆虫翅型分化可能的内在机制。

Wing dimorphism is common in some species of insect,and it is regulated by genetic and environmental factors.Migrating ability of alate insects is much higher than their apterous partners.This is especially important for piercing-sucking mouthpart insects.It is believed that yield loss caused by winged morph insect-bome plant viruses is much more serious than that one caused by insect sucking itself.Therefore,wing dimorphism,especially in homoptera,is attracting more and more attention.To date,insecticides are still the major control methods to homoptera pests.Previous studies reported that,while lethal dose insecticides can kill most of the pests,sublethal dose of some insecticides can also affect the physiological,biochemical and developmental aspects of insects,such as inducing the wing development.It is interesting to know that whether this phenomenon is one of the adaptive strategies of pests,escaping from the attack.In this review,we summarized the progresses in wing dimorphism regulation of insects,including environmental,endocrine and molecular mechanisms.We also presented the progresses of effects of sublethal dose of insecticides on wing dimorphism.In addition,we preliminary discussed the mechanisms how the sublethal dose of insecticide affects wing dimorphism.