病毒—植物—媒介昆虫的化学生态关系研究进展

Advances on Chemical Ecology of Virus,Plant and Vector Insect Interactions

化学信号分子在调控生态系统平衡中起着重要的信息交流作用,调节种群动态和各种群之间的平衡关系。植物病毒大多数由刺吸式口器昆虫持久性、半持久性、非持久性传播。病毒一方面通过改变寄主植物的生物学特性间接性地影响媒介昆虫的行为学特性,从而促进自身的传播;另一方面部分病毒干涉植物的生长代谢,与植物细胞竞争资源,造成植物生理紊乱,改变植物防御反应的强度,从而吸引害虫来取食。植物自身也存在化学防御系统,当植物受害部位感知信号之后,通过茉莉酸、水杨酸等信号转导途径将信息传递到效应部位,从而引发植物产生防御反应。例如,植物产生对昆虫天敌有吸引作用的挥发性化合物吸引天敌来消灭害虫,或者在体内合成对媒介昆虫有毒害作用或物理阻碍作用的化学物质来阻碍昆虫取食。对于昆虫而言,为了抵御植物的防御性物质,昆虫体内相关的解毒代谢酶表达量上调,从而降低植物对自身的毒害作用。病毒、媒介昆虫、寄主植物三者的互作关系是一个复杂的化学信号交流过程。本文主要综述了近年来三者化学生态学关系的研究进展。

Chemical signaling molecules play an important role in information exchanging in regulating ecosystem equilibrium,which regulate population dynamics and the equilibrium relationships among various populations.Most plant viruses are transmitted by piercing sucking insects and Chewing insects,which are is divided into three categories are persistent,semi-persistent and non-persistent.On the one hand,the virus indirectly affects the behavioral characteristics of vector insects by changing the biological characteristics of host plants and promoting its own transmission;on the other hand,the virus interferes with the growth and metabolism of plants and competes with plant cells for resources,resulting in plant physiological disorders.Changing the intensity of plant defense response,thus attracting pests to infect.The plant itself also has chemical defense system,When the plant damaged part senses the signal,it transmits the information to the effective organ through signal transduction pathways such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid,which triggers the plant defense response.For example,plants produce volatile compounds that attract natural enemies to kill insects,or synthesize chemicals that are toxic or physically prevent vector insects from feeding.As for insects,in order to resist the defensive substances of plants,the expression of related detoxification metabolic enzymes in insects is up-regulated,thus reducing the toxicity of plants to themselves.The interaction among viruses,vector insects and host plants is a complex chemical signal exchange process.In this paper,the recent researches advances on the relationship between chemical ecology and chemical ecology are reviewed.