悲剧与自由:席勒与黑格尔的悲剧理论之比较

Tragedy and Freedom:the Comparison of Schiller and Hegel's Tragedy Theory

席勒将悲剧与崇高联系起来,认为二者体现了理性和道德对感性和自然的胜利。黑格尔将悲剧定义为伦理实体的辩证运动,对立的伦理力量的辩证和解被视为悲剧的艺术效果。两者的悲剧观,都以自由的实现为根本目的。只不过在席勒的悲剧理论中,自由体现为康德式的道德自律的胜利,具有理想主义的超越性;而在黑格尔的悲剧理论中,自由意味着伦理实体在悲剧中一个辩证周期的完成,具有现实主义的深刻性。

Schiller associates the tragedy with the sublime,and views them as the triumph of the reason and the moral over the sensibility and the nature. Hegel defines the tragedy as a dialectical movement of the ethical entity,and the dialectical reconciliation of opposing ethical forces is regarded as the artistic effect of tragedy. Both of their theories of tragedy are based on the purpose of the realization of freedom. In Schiller’s theory of tragedy,freedom is manifested as the victory of Kantian’s moral self-discipline,with transcendence of idealism. While in Hegel’s theory of tragedy,freedom means a cycle of dialectic movement of the ethical entity,with profoundness of the realism.