神农架自然保护区川金丝猴退化生境特征及恢复技术

Characteristics and recovery techniques of degraded habitats of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

对神农架川金丝猴分布区218个样地进行调查,比较川金丝猴未退化生境与退化生境群落特征的差异,并依据未退化生境群落分类构建生境恢复模式群落。结果表明:神农架保护区川金丝猴的针阔混交林和针叶林生境退化较为严重,落叶阔叶林生境退化较轻;退化生境与未退化生境群落的乔木物种组成大致相同,但灌木种数和食源灌木种数均少于未退化生境;森林砍伐、病虫害危害、生境过度利用是导致生境退化的主要原因;生境群落的郁闭度和乔木平均高随退化程度加重而降低;轻度和中度退化生境的灌木盖度和食源灌木盖度也低于未退化生境;重度退化生境具有最高的灌木盖度、食源灌木盖度和灌木高度。根据未退化生境群落分类总结出神农架川金丝猴生境恢复的8个模式群落,提出了轻度、中度和重度退化生境的恢复模式和技术。

218 field plots were sampled and characteristics of plant communities of the Sichuan snub-nosed golden monkey habitat with various levels of degradation in Shennongjia district were compared.Community restoration models for degraded habitat were proposedusing community composition of the prime habitats.Results showed that the degree of habitat degradation in coniferous and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests was higher than that in broadleaved deciduous forest.Tree species composition between prime habitat and degraded habitat was similar,but number of shrub species and food sources species in prime habitat was higher than that in degraded habitat.The main causes of habitat degradation were deforestation,insects and plant diseases,and overutilization by the golden monkey.Canopy density and average height of arbor decreased with the increaseof degradation severity.Eight different methods for habitat restoration for habitats underthelight,moderate and severe degree of degradation were put forward.It will provide direct scientific and practical support for habitat restoration and management of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve.