法国文化产业法的制度体系及其启示

On the System of French Cultural Industry Laws and Its Inspiration

法国是欧洲的文化产业大国,其文化产业发展极为注重国家的扶持和保障。除了国家财政拨款和必要的政策保护之外,法国还凭借完备的立法措施与制度建设使文化产业发展获得了有力的保障。尽管法国迄今仍未制定统一的文化产业促进法,但文化产业单行法却涉及文化遗产、新闻出版、文学、视听、电影、艺术等各个领域。法国的这些文化产业单行法立足于本国文化发展需求及法治实践,确立了法国文化产业发展的基本原则,构建了政府"干预"色彩浓重的文化保护制度、层级分明的文化产业管理制度、多方协调的财税支持制度和面向未来的创新激励制度等。这些法律制度对促进法国文化产业发展,推进法国文化的大众化,以及对内大力保护法国传统文化、增进民族认同,对外主张"文化例外"、推动本国文化的传播均发挥着极为重要的作用。法国文化产业法的立法经验对我国已列入十三届人大五年立法规划的《文化产业促进法》的推进具有积极借鉴意义。

France is a country with developed cultural industries in Europe, and its cultural industries development attaches great importance to the national support and safeguard. In addition to the state’s financial allocation and the necessary policy protection, the development of French cultural industries has obtained strong guarantees by comprehensive legislative measures and system construction. Based on the cultural development needs and the rule of law practice, the cultural industry laws in France have established the basic principles for the development of the French cultural industries, and also the cultural protection system with a strong government intervention, the hierarchical cultural industry management system, the multi-party financial and tax support system, and the future-oriented innovation incentive system. Observing the legislative experience of French cultural industry laws is of positive reference for the advance of the Cultural Industry Promotion Law, which has been included in the five-year legislative plan proposing at the 13th National People’s Congress.