黄河三角洲自然保护区水禽生境适宜性模糊综合评价

Fuzzy evaluation of waterfowl habitat suitability at the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve

基于地理信息系统(GIS)、MaxEnt模型和模糊综合评价法,在2013年~2014年水禽野外调查的基础上,以丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)作为指示物种,开展黄河三角洲自然保护区水禽生境适宜性模糊综合评价.MaxEnt模型结果表明:到翅碱蓬滩涂距离、到柽柳-翅碱蓬滩涂距离是影响丹顶鹤越冬生境选择的主要环境变量,其综合贡献率分别为63.5%和23.3%;到芦苇沼泽距离、到黄河距离是影响东方白鹳繁殖生境选择的主要环境变量,其综合贡献率分别为68.8%和18.0%;到水源距离、到盐田-虾池距离、到芦苇沼泽距离3个环境变量对大天鹅越冬生境选择有重要影响,其综合贡献率分别为48.4%、21.1%和15.6%.模糊综合评价结果表明:水禽生境'适宜'面积为20 291hm2,'较适宜'面积为6 103hm2,分别占保护区陆域面积的17.8%和5.3%,主要集中分布在保护区南部的大汶流管理站和黄河口管理站.空缺分析表明:保护区内存在2个比较明显的保护空缺,即大汶流管理站人工湿地恢复区域、黄河口管理站东南部区域.为有效保护水禽生境,建议加强保护区湿地生境监测、评价和规划,以及对人为干扰活动进行监督和管理.

MaxEnt model method,fuzzy evaluation method,and geographic information systems(GIS)were employed to perform a fuzzy evaluation of the waterfowl habitat suitability at Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve(YRDNR)on the basis of 2013-2014 waterfowl field investigation.Red-crowned crane(Grus japonensis),oriental white stork(Ciconia boyciana)and whooper swan(Cygnus cygnus)were selected as indicator species.Results of MaxEnt analysis showed that the distance to saline seepweed tidal flats and distance to Chinese tamarisk-saline seepweed tidal flats were the main factors influencing habitat selection of red-crowned crane,with a contribution of 63.5% and23.3%,respectively.The distance to reed swamp and distance to Yellow River had the greatest effect on habitat selection of Oriental White Stork,with a contribution of68.8% and 18.0%,respectively.The distance to water sources,distance to salt panshrimp pond and distance to reed swamp had the greatest effects on habitat selection of Whooper Swan,with a contribution of 48.4%,21.1% and 15.6%,respectively.Results of fuzzy evaluation showed that waterfowl suitable habitat area and subordinate suitable habitat area were 20 291hm2 and 6 103hm2,which occupied 17.8% and 5.3%of the reserve land area,mainly distributed in Dawenliu and Huanghekou Station.Gap analysis showed that the wetland restoration region of the Dawenliu Station and southeast of the Huanghekou Station were two main gap areas for waterfowl protection in YRDNR.For effective protection of waterfowl habitats in YRDNR,we suggest that wetland monitoring,assessment,planning should be strengthened and human disturbance should be under surveillance.