良渚墓葬的石钺堆叠现象

A Study on Stacked Stone-ax Pieces in Liangzhu Tombs

良渚文化墓葬存在石钺堆叠现象,即同一座墓内会随葬成批的弧刃石钺,单墓的石钺数量可达数十件甚至超百件。此类墓葬仅见于良渚古城地区和临平地区,良渚中期出现,流行于良渚晚期。古城地区的此类墓均属贵族墓,所见的石钺体量较大且制作精良,通过玉钺的有无和石钺的多寡体现不同层次的军权和功绩。临平地区则多为平民墓,随葬的石钺普遍个体较小且制作粗糙,批量的石钺象征着突出的战功,也反映了该地区不太安宁的社会环境。

The unearthed sacrificial stone-ax pieces were found piled together in the Liangzhu tombs,ranging from 10 to over 100 pieces per each tomb.Such tombs,discovered in Liangzhu ancient city and the nearby Linping only,originally appeared in the mid-period of Liangzhu culture and gained its popularity in the late period.The tombs in Liangzhu ancient city belonged to the nobility,and stoneax pieces excavated here are delicate and well-made.The number of the stone-ax and jade-ax would indicate the owners’military rank and achievement.The tombs in Linping,however,belonged to the ordinary people,and the sacrificial stone-ax pieces in these tombs are smaller in size and less exquisite in craftsmanship.The number of the stone objects would indicate the owners’contribution in wars,which also pictures the social instability at that time.