中国造纸术促进伊斯兰书籍装饰艺术的兴起

Chinese Papermaking Promotes the Rise of Islamic Book Decorative Art

在伊斯兰第一个世纪,因缺乏必要的物质载体,绘画艺术比较匮乏。然而,在阿拔斯王朝时期,随着中国造纸术的传入,随着百年翻译运动的兴起,书籍制作与装饰在阿拉伯帝国的疆域内普遍兴起,早期主要是誊抄和装饰《古兰经》,之后书籍装饰扩大至科学作品并在其中绘制插图。阿拔斯王朝末期,伴随市民阶层的兴起及其在精神文化方面的需求,随着蒙古西征客观上带来的文化交流,在西域和中亚河中地区艺术影响下,纸张生产的数量和质量显著提高,伊斯兰艺术家们大力发展了书籍插图艺术,使插图从科学著作转入文学著作。正是在这样的背景下,《卡里来与笛木乃》和《哈里里玛卡梅》这两部阿拉伯世界最流行的故事文学著作被绘制细密画插图,以增加趣味性,扩大在市民中的流传。这其中,中国造纸术的传入为伊斯兰书籍装饰艺术成为世界艺术奇葩奠定了坚实的物质基础。

In the first century of Islam,because of the lack of material media,painting art was undeveloped.However,during the Abbasi Dynasty,with the introduction of Chinese papermaking and the rise of Hundred Years’Translation Movement,the book making and illumination were widely spread in the Arab Empire.In the early days,the Quran was mainly transcribed and illuminated.Later,the book illumination was extended to scientific works and illustrated in them.In the end of Abbasi Dynasty,with growing of citizen stratum and the rise of their spiritual needs,the cultural exchange objectively caused by the conquests westward of Mongolian and the influence of the Western Regions of China and Transoxanien art,the quality and quantity of paper has remarkably improved.Islamic artists has vigorously developed the illustration from scientific works turning to literary works.In this background,Kalileh-o-Demneh and Hariri’s Maghāmāt,the most popular stories in the Arab world,were illustrated to enhance their interest and spread among the citizens.Among all of these internal and external factors,the introduction of Chinese papermaking has laid a solid material basis for the boom of the Islamic art of book illumination in the world.