门诊新生儿及儿童桡动脉采血技术及护理

Radial Artery Blood Sampling Technology and the Corresponding Nursing for Outpatient Newborns and Children

目的总结门诊新生儿及儿童桡动脉采血及护理经验,进一步提高护理质量。方法整群收集该院2014年2月—2015年2月门诊新生儿及儿童桡动脉采血的患儿180例,随机分成观察组和对照组各90例,对照组采用桡动脉采血,在采血前后不进行相关护理和指导,观察组在对照组的基础上加强采血前、采血中和采血后的护理。具体护理措施:首先稳定患儿的情绪,消除患儿的紧张情绪和恐惧心理。在采血的每一步,都要严格操作规程,做好消毒工作,提高一次成功率。采血后按压位置应选择在针眼及其上方0.5 cm处加压3~5 min。结果观察组组一次成功采血88例,一次成功率为97.7%,发生局部瘀斑1例,发生率为1.1%,对照组一次成功采血76例,一次成功率为84.4%,发生局部瘀斑10例,发生率为11.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护理人员充分的自信心和良好的心态、扎实的技术是顺利完成桡动脉采血的先决条件,掌握穿刺点定位方法及技巧是提高一次采血成功率的关键。

Objective To summarize the experience of radial artery blood sampling and nursing in outpatient newborns and children so as to further improve the quality of nursing. Methods 180 neonates and children in the outpatient of our hospital underwent radial artery blood sampling from February 2014 to February 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 90 cases in each. The control group was not given corresponding nursing and guidance before and after the radial artery blood sampling, while the observation group was given strengthened nursing intervention before, in and after radial artery blood sampling, which included the following: stabilizing the mood of the neonates and children; removing the nervous mood and scared psychology. In order to improve the one-time success rate, the operation procedure should be strictly obeyed and the disinfection should be done well during the radial artery blood sampling. After drawing blood, pressing the puncture position and the place above the puncture position 0.5cm for 3 ~5min. Results Radial artery blood sampling was successfully conducted in 88 cases for one time in the observation group with the one-time success rate of 97.7%, and that was successfully conducted in 76 cases in the control group with the one-time success rate of 84.4%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). 1 case had local ecchymosis in the observation group, the incidence of local ecchymosis was 1.1%;while 10 cases had local ecchymosis in the control group, the incidence of local ecchymosis was 11.1%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Full confidence, good state of mind and sound technology are the prerequisites for successful radial artery blood sampling. Mastering the method and skill of puncture point positioning is the key to improving the one-time success rate of radial artery blood sampling.