棉花平膜灌溉的节水增产试验研究

Research on Experiment of Water-Saving and Yield-Increment for Horizontal Membrane Irrigation of Cotton

膜上灌较传统沟畦灌有较大的优越性,但由于覆膜改善了水流条件,灌水流速增大,当灌水流量大时,对灌水量难以控制,易产生余水,灌溉均匀度不易掌握;灌水流量小时,灌水时间太长,会与传统配水方法不协调等。平膜灌水法就是针对上述问题提出的,它是把沿田面坡度方向设置的灌水沟改为沿等高线走向布置,使水流在水平沟内流动,沟与地面全部采用地膜覆盖,灌水时,沟内的水量通过沟底渗水孔渗入土壤,达到湿润土壤的目的。新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院采用这种方法,在哈密、昌吉等地对小麦、棉花、玉米等作物进行了田间试验,证明该方法可有效解决膜上灌存在的问题。

Irrigation above membrane has advantage over conventional furrow irrigation and border irrigation. But, water flow condition is changed due to membrane covering, so the water flow speed is increased. It is difficult to control irrigation water volume. It is easy to over irrigate, and the irrigation uniformity is difficult to control if the irrigation discharge is large. While irrigation time is too long and it is not in line with conventional water allocation method if the irrigation discharge is small. Therefore, horizontal-membrane irrigation method is developed in order to solve these problems. It changes furrow direction from along grade to along contour line, cover the irrigation furrow and ground with membrane. So, the irrigation water flow moves along horizontal line. Water infiltrates into soil through cavities at the bottom of furrow, and soil is wetted by infiltration. This method is adopted by the College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering of Xinjiang Agricultural University, and is applied by them in the field experiment of wheat, cotton, corn and other crops in Hami and Changji. It is proved that this method can solve the problems of the irrigation above membrane method.