昆明城市气候水平空间分布特征

A Study on the Horizonal-Spatial Characteristics of Urban Climate in Kunming City

以昆明城市为研究对象,对城市西南东北剖线的实测资料比较研究,从气温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速、风向等方面分析了昆明城市气候特征、变化规律及城市热岛效应。研究表明:在昆明存在热岛效应,以夜间最为明显,其最强效应可达5.0℃,出现时刻(3时)与国内外多数研究结果(傍晚)有所不同;昆明城市昼间呈现明显的干岛效应。所得结论可为探讨昆明城市气候特征和形成机制,城市环境污染防治及建筑规划、设计等提供依据。

The characteristics and variations of meteorological elements such as air temperature, water vapour pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction in both the urban area and suburbs are studied with the observational data in Kunming, a city in low latitude and high altitude. The main results indicate that the air temperatures in the urban area are higher than that in the suburbs at most times. At night the differences are larger, and the maximum is 5.0℃( at 03:00 hours ). On the other hand, in the Kunming City, the humidity is less than that in the suburbs, and the dry island in the daytime is marked. These results would provide scientific basis for the city planning, architectural design, and prevention and control of the environmental pollution. Meantime, they could supply references for studying the urban climate in other regions.