渭河下游近期河道萎缩特点及治理对策

River Shrinkage and Harnessing Countermeasures of the Lower Weihe River in Recent Period

近十多年来 ,由于潼关高程居高不下和渭河下游来水来沙减少 ,渭河下游河道发生了明显的萎缩 ,出现了“小流量 ,高水位 ,大灾害”的局面。主要表现在 :渭河下游淤积速率增加 ,主槽束窄 ,过流能力显著降低 ,同流量水位升高 ,洪水传播时间延长 ,河势不稳 ,主流摆动增强 ,塌岸严重 ,支流口门淤堵 ,防洪形势十分严峻。作者在分析上述现象成因的基础上 ,提出了降低潼关高程 ,渭河下游河道整治 ,北洛河尾闾改道 ,黄、渭汇流区治理 ,泾河东庄水库调水调沙运用 。

In recent years, an obvious river shrinkage in the lower Weihe River has been observed due to the constant high elevation at Tongguan and the reduction of oncoming flow and sediment. Such situation causes high water levels, serious flood disasters occurred often during low flow discharges, and a series new problems, such as increasing of deposition rate, narrowing of main channel, decreasing of flow carrying capacity, higher water level at the same flow discharge, prolonging of flood movement, more river bends, unstable main channel, serious siltation at the mouth of branches, and much more difficult flood prevention. Based on above analyses, this paper pointed out the harnessing countermeasures of the Lower Weihe River: lowering Tongguan elevation, river training in the Lower Weihe River, routing of Beiluohe River, harnessing in confluence region of the Yellow, Weihe and Beiluohe Rivers, operation of flood and sediment regulation in Dongzhuang reservoir, and water transfer from other river basin to the Weihe River.