岷江上游雨季南北坡小气候特征比较

A Comparative Study on Difference of Microclimate Between South Facing and North Facing Slope of the Upper Reaches of Mingjiang River in Rainy Season

利用岷江上游茂县大沟不同坡向的小气候观测资料,探讨了该地区地雨季的太阳辐射、气温、地表温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速等小气候要素的南北坡特征及其与谷底的差异。通过比较分析得出:在雨季南坡的太阳辐射量大于北坡和谷底;南北坡气温、水汽压、相对湿度在昼间有一定差异;北坡气温略高于南坡;气温垂直递减率南坡(O.71℃/100m)大于北坡(O.61℃/100m)。水汽压为北坡<南坡<谷底;而相对湿度为谷底<北坡<南坡,北坡和谷底的太阳辐射、气温、地表温、水汽压最大值比南坡早出现1h。南北坡风速均大于谷底,而南坡风速又大于北坡。由此可见,岷江上游地区即使在雨季,山地对局地气候仍有一定影响。

Based on microclimatic observation data for different slope orientation in ecological station on the upper reaches of Mingjiang River, Mao County, Sichuan Province, the differences of solar radiation, air temperature, water vapor pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and surface temperature of plants between the S-facing and the N-facing slope were studied. In rainy season, solar radiation on the S-facing slope is higher than the N-facing. There are differences of air temperature, water vapor pressure and relative humidity between S-facing and the N-facing slope in the daytime. Air temperature in the N-facing slope is higher than the S-facing slope, but the lapse rate of air temperature in the S-facing slope(0.71℃/100m)is greater than the N-facing slope(0.61℃/100m) . In addition, water vapor pressure is highest in the ecological station, followed by N-facing slope, then by S-facing slope. For relative humidity, it is lowest in the ecological station, and it is lower in the N-facing slope than in the S-facing slope. The time of maximum of solar radiation, air temperature, surface temperature and water vapor pressure appearing is earlier one hour in the ecological station and N-facing slope than S-facing slope. Wind speed in the N-facing slope is greater than in ecological station, and wind speed in the S-facing slope is greatest. Therefore, it is found that difference of microclimatic elements between S-facing and N-facing slope of the upper reaches of Ming River is market in raining season.