地质勘探行业工人粉尘暴露水平的调查

An investigation on dust exposure level in workers of geological prospecting occupation

目的 确定地质勘探行业粉尘危害程度。方法 对地质勘探行业接触粉尘工种 ,采用国产个体呼吸性粉尘采样器采集、测定呼吸性粉尘浓度、总粉尘浓度和粉尘中游离二氧化硅 (FSiO2 )含量 ,并与历年接尘点的呼吸性粉尘浓度测定结果进行比较。结果 9个省 (自治区 )地质勘探行业的765个接触矽尘作业点中 ,呼吸性粉尘浓度超标率为 47.95 % ;呼吸性粉尘浓度最高的作业和工种是从事地质勘探作业的刻槽取样工种 ,1 996～ 2 0 0 0年其呼吸性粉尘浓度为 (6 .1 5± 3 .2 1 )mg/m3;地质勘探行业工人接触的呼吸性粉尘占总粉尘的比例高 ,粉尘中FSiO2 含量高。结论 地质勘探行业某些工种呼吸性粉尘暴露水平明显高于国家卫生标准 ,尤其是刻槽取样工和凿岩工。

Objective To make sure of the harmfulness degree of the dust in geological prospecting occupation. Methods The determination of respirable dust,total dust and the free silica concentrations was carried out at different working spots exposed to dust.Personal sampling equipment was used to collect the respirable dust.The data of respirable dust concentration in the research was compared to the historical data. Results As for respirable dust concentration level,47.95% of 765 silica dust spots of geological prospecting occupation in 9 provinces(autonomous regions) were beyond the criteria.The profession and work type of the highest dust concentration was chiseling and sampling of geological prospecting[from 1996～2000,the dust concentration was (6.15±3.12) mg/m 3] .The ratio of respirable dust to total dust was high in geological prospecting workers.The FSiO 2 contentin dust to which geological prospecting workers exposed was high too. Conclusions The respirable dust concentration of some types of work in geological prospecting occupation was obviously higher than the national criteria,especially in chiseling,sampling and drilling workers.