我国历史上的农业推广述评

A review of agricultural extensions in the history of China

农民间作物良种和耕作方法等方面的交流 ,起着农业推广的作用 ,我们可称之为“交流式的农业推广”。古代的农业推广以这种交流式的推广为主。 19世纪后期起 ,我国运用近代科学改进农业。自此以后 ,农业推广大多由农业机关、学校、社会团体等进行。近代最早推广的是美棉 ,同时也推广稻麦等良种 ,但以推广棉作为主。 192 9年政府颁布《农业推广规程》 ,成立中央农业推广委员会 ,随着又设置省县等级的农业推广机构 ,建立了各级农业推广工作的架构。抗战期间成立农产促进委员会 ,为加强农业推工作 ,采取了多种措施。当时以推广粮食作物良种为主 ,战时军糈民食无虞匮乏 ,农业推广有一定贡献。

The exchange of quality seeds and farming methods and the like among farmers serves as agricultural extension: hence we call it 'exchange form of agricultural extension'. Agricultural extension in the ancient China was mainly conducted in this form. Since the second half of 19th century, when modern sciences were applied to the improvement of agriculture, agricultural extension had been accomplished chiefly by agricultural agencies, schools, and other social institutions. The earliest extended species in modern times is chiefly cotton, along with rice, and wheat. In 1929, the Agricultural Extension Code was issued by the government, and the Central Agricultural Extension Commission was set up. As the extension institutions at province and county levels were established, the hierarchy of multi-level extension service came into being. During the Anti-Japanese War,the Agricultural Production Promotion Commission was formed to strengthen extension of fine crop seeds. Undoubtedly, the agricultural extension contributed much to the disappearance of army rations and civilian food shortages.