中国地方稻种资源初级核心种质取样策略研究

Studies on the Sampling Strategy for Primary Core Collection of Chinese Ingenious Rice

以国家品种资源库编目入库的中国地方稻种资源 5 0 5 2 6份的 2 6个数量和质量性状为基本数据 ,研究了中国地方稻种资源的初级核心种质取样策略 ,包括分组原则、组内取样比例和组内取样方法。分组原则为按丁颖分类体系、按中国稻作生态区划、按中国稻作生态区内分籼粳两亚种、按中国行政省或自治区、按中国行政省或自治区内分籼粳两亚种、按单一性状等分组和不分组的大随机 ;组内取样量按组内个体数量的简单比例、平方根比例、对数比例和多样性指数比例确定 ;组内取样采用随机方法。应用遗传多样性指数、表型方差、表型频率方差、变异系数和表型保留比例等 5个参数来检验各取样策略所得的核心种质。结果表明 ,以丁颖分类体系分组、按平方根或对数比例在组内随机取样的策略为中国地方稻种核心种质初级样品的可行策略。在初级核心种质取样量上 ,以计算机提取 6 % ,加上人工定向取样增加优异种质和极值材料约 2 % ,使初级核心种质总数达 4 0 0 0份 ,约占总资源的 8%。

The sampling strategy for a primary core collection from the base collection of Chinese ingenious rice was studied, using 50536 accessions catalogued in the national genebank and 26 characters including quantitative and qualitative characters as basic data. Sampling strategy included grouping principle, sampling proportion within group and sampling method from each group. Grouping was according to Dingying′s taxonomic system, Chinese rice ecological zone, Chinese rice ecological zone linking Indica/Japonica, Chinese administrative district(Provinces and autonomic regions), Chinese administrative district linking Indica/Japonica , single character or completely random sampling without grouping. Sampling proportion in each groups divided into square root, logarithm, index of genetic diversity and fixed proportion. Random samplings were carried out in each group. Five parameters, i.e. index of genetic diversity, variance of phenotypic value, variance of phenotypic frequency, coefficient of variation and ratio of phenotypic retained, were used to evaluate the validity of sampling strategy in primary core collection. The results showed that the optimal sampling strategies were grouping based on Dingying′s taxonomic system, sampling proportion in each group based on square root or logarithm and random sampling within group. The total primary core collection were 4000 accessions which were sampled 6% by computer and chosen 2% including elite or rare materials by hand.