莫氏袭官与忻城土县的教育文化——广西忻城土司秘史之三

A Third Secret History of Mos' hereditary Officials and Local Educational Culture In Xincheng County

忻城县学(也称儒学)由兴至废,历时57年,受教育者寥寥无几。莫氏袭官后500余年,县学废而不立,史称"忻城土县例不建学"(即沿例不建县学)。自第四任土官后,始建官家私塾,又建社学、义学,"诗书之声渐出蛮乡",使"边城之地,乎向化"。第十二任土官制定《教士条规十六则》,是忻城迄今为止发现的明、清时期莫氏土官有关教育文化思想理论比较完整的文献,也是其他土司记载教育文化史料文献所罕见的。从中可以略窥古代汉儒学在忻城的传播和壮民族接受中原教育文化熏陶的一个侧面。莫氏袭官实行愚民政策,搞文化禁锢,实施"文致治平"。

County School or Confucian School in Xincheng lasted 57 years, but few people recieved the education. Over 500 years after Mos' hereditary officials, the County School was abolished. This was called 'no schools of exception' in the history of the local county. Since the fourth local official came to power, noble family schools, community schools and free schools were established. At a time schools were built all over the county and children got the opportunities to receive education. From Priest Rules 16 made by the 12th local official, which is a more completed ideological document found so far about the Mos' hereditary officials during the Ming and the Qing dynasties, we can have a glimpse at one aspect of the ancient Han Confucian School disseminating in the county and how the Zhuang people accepted the Han culture. However, Mos' hereditary official was an example of carrying out the policy of fooling the people, of prohibiting Han culture, of dominating education.