论北宋西北开边以后的民族关系

On the National Relations after the Northern Song's Territorial Expansion in the Northwestern Borderland

北宋的西北边区多为少数民族聚居 ,外与西夏及其他部族相邻。自宋神宗即位以后 ,为扭转长期以来被动防守的局面 ,相继向外开拓疆土。北宋后期的西北开边具有很大的盲目性 ,人力财力都遭受了重大损失 ,但对这些新边地区的经营 ,又促使了民族关系的进步和社会经济的发展。在开拓地区进一步推行“汉化”政策 ,部族蕃官开始担任汉官职务 ,仿汉官制进行磨勘迁转 ,蕃兵则采用汉兵法进行组织和管理。在经济关系上 ,设立固定市场 ,鼓励蕃汉贸易。颁行关系法规 ,保护蕃民利益。废除土地禁令 ,开放土地买卖。不分民族、地域 ,各类人户均可移居边地耕殖自营。这对宋代西北边区的开发和各民族的交流与融合 。

In the Northern Song dynasty, many minority nationalities, who neighbored on the West Xia and other tribes over the border, lived in compact communities in the northwestern borderland. In order to reverse the long-term situation of passive guard, the Northern Song dynasty expanded the territory outwards in succession after Emperor Shenzong ascended the throne. The expansion in the later period of Song dynasty was very blind, it resulted in losing much money and manpower. But the management of the newly expanded territory promoted the national relations and the development of social economy. As in the newly expanded land the Song dynasty further practiced the policy assimilating the minority nationalities to the Han nationality in political systems and military organizations, the officials of the minority nationality tribes began to act the ones in the state government as the Han people did. In economic relationships, the Song dynasty adopted the policies, such as setting up fixed markets; encouraging the trade between the national minorities and the Han nationality; protecting their interests and permitting land deal; every nationality could live and move freely. These greatly promoted the development of the northwestern borderland and the progress of the reciprocal relations among our Chinese nationalities.