乔伊斯小说的对话性——以《一个青年艺术家的画像》为例

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: A Dialogical Novel

巴赫金对同时代的乔伊斯未作任何评论,然而其对话理论显然可用于对乔伊斯小说的分析。通过比较巴赫金关于小说家应当处于"超位"的观点与乔伊斯的非个人化理论,可以看出两者之间有契合之处。《一个青年艺术家的画像》中叙述者话语与人物话语之间的关系表明两者之间存在着平等的对话关系。斯蒂芬心灵成长这一实例可以印证他者话语进入说话者主体,逐渐被说话者掌握,并促成其自我意识形成的过程。该小说与《基督山恩仇记》在结构上的一致表明,它们之间存在着互文对话性。

During his lifetime, Bakhtin does not make any comments on Joyce's works. However, it is obvious that his dialogism can be properly applied to Joyce's novels. A comparison of Bakhtin's view that the novelist should keep to the extraordinary position and Joyce's theory of depersonalization reveals that there is common ground between the two. Next, the relationship between the narrator's discourse and the main character's discourse shows that there exists an equal dialogical relationship between the two. Then, an examination of the process of the growth of Stephen's mind displays how the discourse of the Other enters the entity of the speaker and how it gradually gets appropriated by the speaker and leads to the making of his consciousness. Finally, there exists the structural similarity between the novel and The Count of Monte Cristo, which signifies an intertextually dialogical relationship.