中国传统司法文化的价值取向

The value orientation of the Chinese traditional judicial culture

中国传统司法文化在实体价值层面的最大特色是司法的宗法伦理理性。“经义断狱” ,充分体现了儒家之礼对中国古代司法活动的影响 ,礼治主义成为中国传统司法的最高原则 ;“德主刑辅” ,着力提升道德在中国古代司法中的重要性 ,深刻反映了传统司法的德治主义精神 ;“御笔断罪” ,形象地表现了皇帝对司法的控制 ,透视出中国传统司法中皇权至上的实质和鲜明的人治主义色彩 ;“和谐与无讼” ,代表着传统中国人对诉讼司法目的的理想追求 ,是中国传统司法文化最根本的价值取向和最高的价值理想。

The most outstanding characteristic of the Chinese traditional judicial culture on the substantial level is the rationality of the legal ethics. 'A trial of a case with a reference to the Confucian code' is a demonstration of the great impact of the Confucianism on the ancient judicial activities, and the 'Courtesy Rule' became a supreme principle of the Chinese traditional judicature. 'Morality prior to Punishment' principle has promoted the significant role played by the morality in the ancient judicature, and indicated the 'Emperor judgment' has descriptively demonstrated the fact of the emperor's control of the judicature, and reflected the dominant role of the emperor's power and the 'man rule' principle. 'Harmony and non-litigation' represents the pursuit in the case of the litigation by the traditional Chinese, which are the highest value and the most fundamental orientation of the values of the judicial culture.