当代哲学中的语言转向与经济学的语言反思

The Linguistic Turn in the Contemporary Philosophy and Linguistic Relaxation on the Contemporary Economics

20世纪以来,在当代西方哲学和许多社会科学领域中,均较普遍地发生了一个“语言转向”现象。但是,这一现象迄今为止还没有在西方当代经济学中发生。这与自马歇尔和凯恩斯以降以新古典主义为主流的当代经济学各学派,一般还只注重数学分析工具运用和计量建模的应用有关。当代主流经济学家们一般认为,只要遵循这样一种抽象的数学思路,在这条思路的尽头则是一种由数理模型构建起来的理性结构,而这种理论的理性结构又超越文化和具体社会体制制式而反映着人类诸种社会的一些自然秩序。从当代语言哲学的分析进路来看当代经济学,就会发现,作为研究人们经济行为的一门社会科学的理论经济学,如果不思考人们交往与交易中的语言和语言问题,如果不反思经济学作为一种话语体系的语言(包括数学语言)内在本质及其局限,恐怕难能向人自身提供和展现一种失真较少的相对真实图景。

From the beginning of the 20th century, there is a 'linguistic turn' in contemporary philosophy as well as in many other social sciences. However, the linguistic turn has not happened in the contemporary economics yet. The reason of the state lies on the fact that most contemporary e-conomists have generally been concentrating on mathematical modeling since Alfred Marshall and John M. Keynes. Most contemporary economists believe that along as an accurate approach of mathematical modeling, there would be a rational and theoretical structure of market system which must be reflecting the natural orders of human interaction beyond cultures and many varieties of social systems of resource allocation. However, according to a famous philosopher Hans ?Georg Gadamer, such an approach 'take us away from the nature of language'. From a perspective of contemporary linguistic philosophy, we may find that if the economists do not study language and linguistic problems in human transactions and exchange, or if they are not aware of the limitations of their discourse of employing e-conomic language including their mathematical language, they will not provide a true picture of human society.