提起海洋和通海水域污染损害赔偿诉讼主体的几个层面

On Subject in Lawsuit of Compensation for Pollution in Sea and Free Flooding Water Area

传统的诉权理论随着人类社会的飞速发展已日渐显露出缺陷与不足 ,在环境与资源保护方面 ,这一问题尤为突出。海洋污染已是人类共同面临的公害 ,却因诉讼主体资格问题在诉权理论与诉讼实践上的链接缺失 ,使环境污染得不到及时有效的司法干预和救济。对该类纠纷 ,应对“利害关系”作扩大化解释和对起诉资格进行放宽。作为提起海洋和通海水域损害赔偿纠纷的诉讼主体 ,本文认为应分三个层面 ,一是与污染损害事实有直接利害关系的公民、法人和其他组织 ;二是具有海洋管理权能的行政部门 ;三是检察机关代表国家提起环境侵权公益公诉。这三个层面共同担当起缺失的守护神——海洋环境污染损害赔偿诉讼的原告主体。

The traditional theory of litigant right have shown its defect with the speedy development of human society. It is especially serious in the part of protection of environment and resources. The maritime pollution is the danger all the human beings are facing. But the theoretically practical problem of qualification of litigant subject cannot result in timely and effective judicial intervention and aid to the environmental pollution. The thesis tries to discuss the classification of litigant subjects.