教师对学生性侵犯中学校特殊民事责任的比较法学思考

Thoughts on School's Special Civil Responsibilities in Teacher's Sexual Harassment to Student

少数教师利用师生关系对学生进行性骚扰已成为严重威胁未成年学生健康成长的社会问题 ,学校及教育部门的雇主责任也成为法律中亟待解决的课题。无论是以无过失责任为原则的美国雇主责任制度 ,还是以过失责任为原则的德国雇主责任 ,就本质意义而言 ,性骚扰中雇主责任是由于特定的雇佣关系存在 ,体现一定价值判断的雇主与受害人自由利益之间的平衡关系 ,而二种责任制度的差异 ,根本之处在于其不同价值判断对雇主和受害人自由的态度 ,取决于相应利益的相对重要性或相对价值。从未成年学生权利为宪法上公民权利的高度、从保护未成年学生至高无上的自由权利出发 ,应建立起学校及教育部门在教师对学生性骚扰中的严格雇主责任。

It has become a serious social problem that a few of teachers carry through sexual harassment toward their students by using the teacher-student relationship. By comparing the different employer's responsibility system in the US( responsibility of non-misconduct ) and Germany ( responsibility of misconduct ), the thesis suggests to set up a strict employer's responsibility system in schools and educational administrative organizations in China.