宁夏沙坡头地区环境结构变化与鸟类生物多样性

The relationship between environment variation and bird diversity in Shapotou, Ningxia

20 0 0年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 9月 ,对宁夏沙坡头沙漠地区景观类型、植被盖度、鸟类种类和多样性逐月进行了调查 .与 1987年沙坡头地区夏季鸟类种类与数量调查结果相比较 :荒漠半荒漠景观中鸟类种数不变 ,密度 (只· km-1)由 4 3.4 5减至 2 2 .73,多样性指数 (H)由 2 .4 639降至 1.95 00 ,均匀度指数 (D)由 0 .90 60降至 0 .7641;人工林中鸟类种数从 1987年的 8种提高到 15种 ,密度由 2 1.64降至 14.32 ,H由 1.7113升至 2 .1760 ,D从 0 .7697提高到 0 .84 32 ;居民点景观中鸟类种数由 16种增加到 2 1种 ,密度由 5 2 .72增加到 112 .2 4 ,H由 2 .0 4 36提高到 2 .60 10 ,D由0 .7798升至 0 .915 0 .结合 1987年以来沙坡头地区环境的变化 ,讨论了环境改变与鸟类多样性的关系以及鸟类在促进沙漠生态系统良性循环中的作用 .

From October 2000 to September 2001, monthly investigation was made of the diversities and species of birds and the mean coverage of vegetables in Shapotou of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region adjacent to Tenggeli Desert in Central China, where there are mainly three landscapes: desert and semidesert, residential areas and sand stabilized forests. Compared with the research results of 1987, it was found that in the desert and semidesert landscapes, there was no marked difference in bird species, while there was a decline of density from 43.45 to 22.73(no·km -1), and its ShannonWiener index (H) changed from 2.463 9 to 1.950 0, and Simpson index (D) from 0.906 0 to 0.764 1; in stabilized forest landscape, the species number increased from 8 to 15, while the density decreased from 21.64 to 14.32, and both its H and D increased, from 1.7113 to 2.1760 and from 0.7697 to 0.8438 respectively; in residential areas landscape, the bird species increased from 16 to 21 and the density from 52.72 to 112.24, and its H scaled up from 2.043 6 to 2.601 0 and D from 0.779 7 to 0.915 0. According to the census data, the relationship between bird diversity and environmental changing was analyzed.