自组织临界性及其在散粒体研究中的应用

Self-organized Criticality and Its Application in Granular Mixtures

首先简述了自组织临界性理论的基本概念和在方法论方面的启示,然后介绍了三种发现散粒体自组织临界性与粒径的非均匀性有关的沙堆模型实验,进而提出假设:若系统的组构能对干扰传播形成足够的制约,限制其各部分敏感性递增的趋势,从而维持其整体的鲁棒性时,大尺度的系统也能呈现自组织临界现象。最后通过对野外观测资料的分析,提出了在稳定流条件下非均匀推移质输沙率将服从负幂率分布的观点,并对自组织临界现象的判据等问题进行了讨论。

The basic concept of Selforganized Criticality and its enlightenment in methodology are briefly reviewed in this paper. Based on three kinds of experiments which show that SOC is related to granular nonuniform, we validate the assumption: if the structure can form sufficient restraint on perturbation propagation, which limits the trend of increase in eachportionsensitivity by degrees, and granular mixtures can maintain overall robustness in turn accordingly, a largescale system can show the SOC phenomenon as well. By analyseing the field data, it can be concluded that the distribution presupposition of gravel bedload transportation rate in the constant flow condition can be described by a power law. Finally, some problems in the criterion of SOC are discussed.