福建省1997～2001年慢性职业中毒患病分析

The analysis of chronic occupational poisoning data in Fujian

目的 探讨福建省慢性职业中毒患病特点 ,为控制职业中毒发生提供依据。方法 以 1 997～ 2 0 0 1年诊断的慢性职业中毒患者作为研究对象 ,分析职业中毒类别、患病年龄、患病工龄和经济类型分布。结果 636例慢性职业中毒中主要为铅及其化合物中毒 (533例、占 83 80 % ) ,其次为混苯 (含有苯、甲苯、二甲苯的有机溶剂 )中毒 (88例、占1 3 84% ) ,其它化学物中毒较少 (1 5例、占 2 36 % ) ;慢性职业中毒患病年龄 81 1 %为 35岁以内 ,平均 (2 9 82± 8 0 1 )岁 ;患病时接毒工龄平均为 (3 44± 4 54)年 ,近 70 %在 3 0年内 ;乡镇、三资企业与国有、集体企业比较患病率较高、患病年龄下降 (P <0 0 1 )和接毒工龄明显缩短 (P <0 0 1 ) ;女性患病年龄和接毒工龄均比男性低 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 铅及其化合物中毒仍为主要危害 ,2 5～35岁年龄段及接毒工龄在 1 0～ 3 0年的从业人员应作为健康监护重点人群 ;应加强乡镇、三资企业职业卫生工作 。

Objective To study the characteristics of chronic occupational poisoning data, and provide basis for control measures of occupational poisoning in Fujian. Methods Chronic occupational poisoning patients diagnosed in the year from 1997 to 2001 were chosen as studied objects, the poisoning categories, suffering ages distribution, working year range and economic type were analyzed. Results Among 636 chronic occupational poisoning patients, lead and its compounds posioning accounted for 533 persons (83 8%), benzene mixture posioning accounted for 88 persons (13 8%), other chemical compounds poisoning accounted for 15 persons (2 4%). Average suffering age was (29 82±8 01) years, and 81 1% was shown to suffer under the age 35 The average working year for the victim was (3 44±4 54) years, about 70% of them was less than 3 years of exposure. It indicated that the suffering age tended to decrease ( P< 0 01) and exposure year tended to be shortened ( P< 0 01). It would be true in both township owned and joint ventured enterprises as well as in stated owned and collective owned enterprises. The prevalence of occupational poisoning seemed to be more severe in female workers.Conclusion Chronic occupational poisoning of lead and its compounds was still the main occupational hazard. The key population for health surveillance should be those workers aged 25 30 years and with exposure duration of 1.0 3.0 years. Occupational hygiene in township owned and joint ventured enterprises should be strengthened. Occupational hygiene of females should be paid move attention to.