作家的位置——西方文论中"作家"观的变化

Position of a Writer-Change of the View of "Writer"in Western Literary Criticism

通过对西方文论史的扼要历史回溯,指出作家在文学研究中的重要地位并不是从来有自,它是浪漫主义运动高扬作家主体的产物。20世纪的新批评、结构———后结构主义文论对浪漫主义运动的这一"主体性"批评进行了深刻的反拨。新批评强烈反对传记式批评,认为这将导致"意图谬误"。罗兰·巴特提出了"作者已死",作家至高无上的地位遭到颠覆,语言上升为文学研究的主角。论文最后通过巴赫金对弗洛伊德无意识的"语言"改造,尝试在社会、历史、心理、符号的网络中给作家一个新的定位。

By way of historical recall to the history of Western literary criticism ,the author points out that the important position of the writer in literary research is the outcome of praising the initiative of writer by the Romantic Movement.During 20th century,this criticism on the initiative of writer by the Romantic Movement was deeply counteracted by the literary criticisms of new criticism,structuralism,and post structuralism.New criticism intensively opposed biographical criticsm ,which was believed to bring about'error in intention'.Rolland Bart advocated that 'the writer is dead'.The paramountcy of the writer was overthrown.Language rose to the leading role of literary research.By way of Bachkin′s unconsciously'language'transforming by Freud in the last part of the thesis.a new positioning of the writer is tried to be given to the network of society.history,psychology and symbol.