上博竹书《孔子诗论》与《毛诗序》的再评价

Second Appraisal of Poetic Criticism by Confucius and Maos′ Preface to the Book of Songs Written on Bamboo Slips and Collected in Shanghai Museum

《诗经》的教化观点,从孔子时代开始,一直贯穿到汉代。《毛诗序》的解诗方式完全是秉承孔子而来的,和《孔子诗论》可以说是一脉相承,所注重的都是《诗》的教化作用。由于时代的原因,《毛诗序》的美刺说对《诗经》有许多错误的理解。然而,无论《毛诗序》对诗义的解说是否正确,对整个中国思想史产生重要作用的都是它。首先,《毛诗序》是我国诗歌产生以来对诗歌的创作的第一次理论总结,强调了"情"对诗歌创作的作用。其次,《毛诗序》中的许多论点,都成为众多古代作家所熟知的典故。所以说,《毛诗序》是一份珍贵的文学遗产,我们应当批判地继承和吸收其中合理的成分。

The Book of songs as Confucian classic had been studied following the view of enlighten by education since the lifetime of Confucius.As it can be traced to the same origin of Poetic Criticism by Confucius, Mao Heng and Mao Chang′s Preface to the Songs illstrated the poem known as song in accordance with Confucian view of enlighten by education.There were many erroneous understandings in its statement of pretty satire However Maos′preface to the songs was the first theroretical summation of poetic creation which laid stress on the role of 'sentiment'to poetic creation,Moreover,many arguments in it had been the literary quotations well known to numerous ancient writers in the history of Chinese literature.That′s why it was a valuable literary heritage ,of which the reasonable component parts should be critically assimilated.