云南省16年毒蕈引起的食物中毒分析

Analysis of food poisoning associated with poisonous mushrooms in Yunnan province,China

为进一步做好毒蕈食物中毒的预防工作 ,对云南省 1985年～ 2 0 0 0年毒蕈引起的食物中毒情况进行了分析。 16年间全省共发生毒蕈食物中毒 378起 ,中毒 2 330人 ,死亡 32 6人 ,病死率13 90 % ,年均死亡 2 0 .4人。毒蕈食物中毒常年均有发生 ,夏秋季为多 ,一家一户零星发生者居首 ,农村发病率明显高于城市 ,其中中毒占同期全部食物中毒起数、发病人数、死亡人数的 2 5 .37%、4 38%和 5 2 .16 %。误食有毒牛肝蕈引起的中毒占 6 .88% ,未能鉴定毒蕈种类的蕈引起的中毒占85 71%。根据 16年毒蕈引起的食品中毒分析 ,我们认为应尽快研究出简易、可行的化学检验方法。对生产经营食用蕈的宾馆、饭店、企业推荐可食种类。食用蕈的专业生产、经营单位宜聘专业蕈类鉴定人员。

The situation of food poisoning association with poisonous mushroom in the period of 1985～2000 was analyzed for preventing the food poisoning in Yunnan province. There were 378 events of mushroom poisoning with 2 330 victims and 326 deaths within the 16 years. On the average, 20.4 persons died of the poisoning each year. The events occurred the all year round, mostly in summer and fall. Most of them scattered among families in rural areas. The morbidity rate in rural areas was higher than that in city. The poisoning events, the number of victims and the number of deaths constituted 25.37%, 4.38% and 52.16%, respectively in all food poisonings in rural areas. In 85.71% of the poisoning events, the species of the poisonous mushrooms were not identified because of lack of laboratory facilities in rural areas. Simple and reliable chemical method for the determination of poisonous mushroom was urgently needed for food safety.