老年患者营养状况调查与护理干预研究

Investigation of Nutritional Status and Nursing Intervention in Old Patients

目的 调查老年患者的营养状况 ,研究如何对老年患者进行平衡膳食、合理营养的指导和干预。方法 采用膳食询问法 ,记录 3d的饮食情况 ,调查 12 6名老年患者的营养状况。结果 热能、动物脂肪、钠摄入量偏高 ,蛋白质摄入量偏低 ,钙、铁、维生素B1、B2 摄入量明显偏低。结论 膳食要满足老年人营养需求 ,特别是蛋白质、钙、铁、维生素和膳食纤维。应减少动物性食品 ,增加豆类、乳类、蔬菜、水果等 ,少吃油腻、过咸、烟熏食物 ,同时老年人合理膳食需结合健康生活方式才能发挥营养作用 ,从而达到营养平衡。对老年患者膳食营养进行合理有效的护理干预 ,有助于提高患者生存质量 。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of elderly patients and to study how to strengthen the instruction and intervention of balanced diet and proper nutrition for elderly patients.Methods Three days diets were recorded,through a questionnaire to investigate the natritional in 126 elderly patients.Results Calorie, animal fat and sodium intake were high,while protein intake was low,and calcium,iron and Vitamin B 1 B 2 intake was low significantly.Conclution Diets should fit the nutritional need of elderly people, especially protein,calcium,iron,vitamin and dietary fiber intake.Animal food stuff should be reduced bean,cheese,vegetable and fruit should be increased and food high in fat and natrium or smoked food should be restricted. To reach a nutritional balance,a healthy life style also plays an important role.Proper and efficient nursing intervention in terms of dietary in take may contribute to better life quality,and earlier health recovery in elderly patients.