从借词看汉语对土家语的影响

Influences of Chinese on Tujia Language from the Perspective of Borrowed Words

土家族与中原汉族长期接触与融合的过程,是其逐渐整合到中华民族母文化圈的过程。在这一整合过程中,中原汉族地区先进的政治、经济、语言文化等对土家族语言文化产生了深远的影响。从土家语中汉语借词占40%的比例以及借词丰富的义类可略见一斑。汉语借词不仅丰富了土家语的词汇系统,也对土家语的语音、句法结构以至使用功能产生了重要的影响。汉语借词的输入使土家语中增加了新的音位成分,形成了新的音位变体和固有词与借词并存并用的局面,甚至使土家语的某些固有句法结构也出现向汉语靠拢的现象。

In contacting with Han nationality, Tujia nationality gradually merges with the culture of Chinese nation. In this process, Han nationality's culture has profound impact on Tujia language and culture, which is shown by the 40% of borrowed words in Tujia language from Chinese. These borrowed words enlarge the vocabulary of Tujia language and has great influence on the phonetics, syntax and the use of Tujia language. Borrowed words add to the phoneme ingredients, new phoneme variations and lead to the coexistence of the original words and borrowed words, even the tendency towards convergence between the syntax of Tujia language and Chinese.