试论改革以来的中国城市扶贫

On China Urban Poverty Alleviation Since the Reform

20世纪80年代中期以来,中国城市贫困人口呈现出逐步增加的趋势,政府因应这一问题的政策大体上经历了6个方面的转变,即从扶持企业到直接救助贫困人口,从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫,从救助制度分立到救助制度整合,从基本生活救助到综合救助,从消极救助取向到积极开发取向,从依托单位体制到重视社区作用。我们应当正确认识城市贫困问题,注重城市扶贫政策的创新,加大力度完善社会保障体系,进一步落实和完善城市居民最低生活保障制度,大力促进就业导向的经济发展,注意培育贫困居民的社会资本,大力促进贫困者的社会参与,以继续推进中国城市扶贫政策的优化,切实保障贫困弱势群体的利益。

The number of the poor in urban China has increased since mid1980s, the policy of poverty alleviation in China has taken on six major conversions, i.e. from supporting enterprises to relieving the poor population directly, from moral relief of poverty to institutional relief, from the separation of the relieving institution to their integration, from the relief on basic living to synthetic relief, from the orientation of passive relief to orientation of active development, and from adhering the unit system to appreciating the function of community. We should give more significance to the innovation of urban poverty alleviation policy, put more effort to improve the social security system, implement the lowest living security system, facilitate economic development oriented in employment, pay attention to foster social capital of the poor population, promote the social participation of the poor, so as to improve poverty alleviation and to secure the interests of the underprivileged poor group.