后发优势与比较优势——中国对外贸易增长的动力分析

Innovative Advantage and Comparative Advantage: a Dynamic Analysis of China's Foreign Trade Growth

改革开放以来 ,我国的对外贸易获得了巨大的发展 ,保持了较高的增长速度。对于贸易增长的原因 ,一般认为是发挥了比较优势作用 ,进一步的分析则发现中国贸易的增长实际上是比较优势和后发优势双重作用的结果。后发优势的利用促进了贸易比较优势的形成与转换 ,以制度学习效应和技术学习效应为核心的后发优势在贸易增长中起到了巨大的作用。

Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policies two decades ago, its foreign trade has made huge strides and leaps. It is generally believed that the growth is brought about mainly by the comparative advantages that China has over other countries. However, a closer look into the relevant factors shows that the growth in fact comes as a result of the both comparative and innovative advantages, with the latter being a key factor that enables the former to be formed and converted in the process of trade. The innovative advantage demonstrates itself in effects of institutional and technological learnings, which are a great push to the trade growth.