落叶松遗传改良效果及其育种程序

ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECTS OF GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND THE BREEDING PROGRAM OF LARCH

为了有效地、有步骤地取得落叶松优良品种,提出并实施了一系列的改良措施,主要进行了种间选择、种源选择、林分选择、优树选择、杂交育种、子代测定,种子园、扦插繁殖及早期选择等研究。同时较详细地探讨了落叶松阶段性育种程序——短期育种计划。十几年来的试验表明:①这个育种模式反映了当今树木育种特点,为今后制定长期的、更完善的育种计划具有重大的实践意义。②在种间、种源选择基础上,充分利用优良树种、优良种源、优良林分、优良家系,优良无性系和优良杂交组合建立各种类型的种子园,为林业生产提供大量的繁殖材料,经济效益十分显著。③基因资源的收集、保存、研究和利用是落叶松遗传改良、不同层次育种工作的基础和重要保证。④为今后落叶松遗传改良和制定长期育种计划提供一系列依据。

In order to carry out the work of larch improvement by step in an effective way, aseries of improving steps have been done, including interspecies selection, provenance selection, stand selection, plus tree selection, cross breeding, progeny test, seed orchards, cutting propagation, early selection and so on. In this paper, it describes and discusses ashort term breeding program of larch in great detail. The results from almost twentyyears experiment demonstrate that: ① This breeding program is a reflection of the cur rent tree breeding characteristics. There exists a great help to make long term breeding plan perfectly in the future; ② On the basis of the interspecies and provenance selections it is important to set up many kinds of seed orchards, by using good species, provenance, stands, family, clone and hybrid, thus providing a large number of reproductive materials for forest production; ③ The collection, conservation, research and utilization of gene re sources is the basis to larch genetic improvement and its breeding work Of different levels;④ It also gives some useful suggestion to larch genetic improvement and long term breeding planning.