大气细颗粒物污染监测及其遗传毒性研究

Air Pollutant PM2.5Monitoring and Study on Its Genotoxicity

目的比较燃煤污染型城市(太原市)和燃煤与汽车尾气混合污染型城市(北京市)细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染水平并研究其遗传毒性。方法采用滤膜法采集太原市和北京市大气中细颗粒物,并用单细胞凝胶电泳法,以人肺泡上皮细胞(A549)作为靶细胞,测定细颗粒物对细胞DNA的损伤。结果北京市冬季大气中PM2.5为0.028～0.436mg/m3,太原市为0.132～0.681mg/m3。细颗粒物在5、50、200μg/ml浓度内染毒12h和24h均可引起人肺泡上皮细胞DNA损伤,与阴性对照组相比,其拖尾率和尾长差异均有显著性(P<0.05),且存在剂量-反应关系。结论细颗粒物具有一定程度的遗传毒性。

Objective To investigate and compare PM2.5pollution levels in Taiyuan and Beijing and to study the DNA damage induced by PM2.5.Methods PM2.5pollution levels in Taiyuan with coal smoke pollution and in Beijing with mixing air pollution typed by coal smoke and automobil exhaust were monitored,and the DNA damage induced by PM2.5was detected by single cell gel-electrophoresis(SCGE)(Comet assay)using human alveolar epithelial cell line A549(A549cells).Results The PM2.5pollution levels in Taiyuan and Beijing during winter were0.132-0.681mg /m 3 and0.028-0.436mg /m 3 respective-ly.PM2.5could induce DNA damage in A549cells after exposure to doses of5,50and200μg /ml for12h and24h-incuba-tion.Compared with the negative control group,there were significant differences(P<0.05)in tailed-cell rate and tails length in exposure group,which a dose-response relationship between tailed cells rate,tails length and the doses of PM2.5.Conclu-sion This study indicated that PM2.5had potential genotoxity.