中国特产雉类——褐马鸡、藏马鸡和蓝马鸡卵壳的电镜观察

OBSERVATION ON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OF EGGSHELL OF CROSSOPTILON MANTCHURICUM, C. CROSSOPTILON AND C. AURITUM——ENDEMIC PHEASANTS IN CHINA

迄今为止,在国内有关野生鸟类卵壳的超微结构报道尚少。我们对中国特产鸡类——三种马鸡卵壳的表皮、气孔、木栅层、锥体层、乳头结、壳膜和基帽进行了扫描巨镜观察,并对结果进行了比较、讨论。认为三种马鸡不同结构的形态,对研究它们的亲缘关系提供了新的价值。

The paper reports a observation on the surface, spiracl, palisade layer, cone layer, mam-milary core, eggshell membrane and basal cap of the eggshell of three species of Crossptilon --Chinese endemic pheasants.The surface of the eggshell of Crossoptilon auritum is smoother and has smaller granules than others, and there are quite a lot of spiracle presenting round. The surface of the eggshell of Crossoptilon crossoptilon is very rough and the granules are big and unregular, it's spiracle and multi-layer. Those of Crossoptilon mantchuricum is intermediate, the spiracle of its eggshell is bigger than one of Crossoptilon aurilum and smaller than one of Crossoptilon crossoptilon.All eggshell membrane of the three kinds of egg are web wore by interlocking organic fibres, and divided into--inside and outside--two layers. On the other hand, there are difference on the forms of the fibres of eggshell membrane among the three species of Crossop-tilon. It is seen in the cross section of eggshells that the forms of calcium of crystallization in palisade layer, as well as the basal caps have each character.The characters described about provide an important evidence of studies on the classification and the evolution of birds.