利益博弈下的乡村治理——透视村民自治的新视角

Rural Governing under the Interests-gaming ——Observe the Villager Autonomy through a New View

本文试从国家、乡镇政权、农民三方利益主体博弈的视角解析改革后乡村治理的内在演变逻辑。在村民自治的实施过程中 ,国家、乡镇政权和农民各自从自身的利益出发影响村民自治的进程。加强乡村治理是国家实施村民自治的基本出发点。在改革初期 ,国家对乡村治理的重点是通过初步导入村民自治制度填补公社制度解体后的“权力真空”。 2 0世纪 90年代中期分税制改革后 ,乡镇政权的财政困难促使农民与乡镇政权之间的利益冲突加剧 ,国家为维护农村稳定而将乡村治理的重点转移到全方位实施村民自治上。村民自治的真正实施和乡村治理机制的完善有待于国家关于农村财政制度和三方利益分配制度的完善 ,需要用长远的、战略性的眼光 ,采取大智慧解决当前的问题和困难 。

In the implementing the progress of villager autonomy,state,grass-roots regime and villagers try to impact it respectively on their own behalf.In the early days of post-reform,the state set up the villager committee and made it replace the People's Commune ,which had been disorganized,to govern the villagers.There are more conflicts between grass-roots regime and villagers after the reform of tax system in 1994.Villager autonomy was carried out by the state to appease villagers.Better tax system should be created to resolve the remained problems.