社会秩序与公正及个人自由

On Social Order

本文主要讨论由霍布斯、卢梭和托克维尔提出的社会秩序概念。之所以对这个概念重新审视 ,是因为它不仅一直是社会理论中的主要议题 ,而且对理解由于参与全球化进程所带来的社会两极分化等不稳定因素极为重要。这中间最核心 ,也是最基本的问题是 :是什么把社会凝聚在一起 ?霍布斯的回答是专制政府 ,而卢梭和托克维尔则认为公正和自由应该放在首位。本文着重展示了这 3位思想家关于“公正”和“自由”与社会秩序之间关系的分析。

This paper discusses the 'problem of order' addressed by Hobbes, Rousseau and Tocqueville. In doing so, the author consideres whether the three thinkers have adequately provided for justice and personal liberty in their conceptions of order. Such examination is significant not only because the 'problem of order' has been widely recognized as a major perennial issue of social theory but also because globalization often means economic and social polarization. This paper reveals that if we believe that justice and liberty are themselves a source of order, we need to treat the theories of Rousseau and Tocqueville very seriously.