新植与宿根建莲的开花结实习性及花粉形态观察

Study on the Habit of Bloom and Feature of Pollen Morphology between Annual-root and Perennial-root Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.)

以"崇莲一号"为材料,宿根子莲为对照,对宿根与新植子莲的单花与群体的开花习性、产量构成因素等性状及花粉形态进行观察。结果表明:宿根子莲与新植子莲在单花开花习性上基本一致,而在群体开花习性上存在差异,宿根子莲的花期提早5～10d;新植子莲与宿根子莲相比,对温度的反应敏感些,气温不同,莲蓬直径和平均每个莲蓬的心皮数变化也不同。新植子莲与宿根子莲单株产量存在较大差异,新植子莲的产量比宿根子莲(两年)高19.9%,造成宿根子莲产量下降的主要原因是结实率和单粒干重减少所致,而与单株莲蓬数、单株心皮数关系不大。对其花粉进行显微观察,结果表明,不同生长周期莲花的花粉发育形态存在较大的差别,新植子莲的花粉表现正常,宿根子莲的花粉发育不良,宿根年限越长,其花粉败育程度越高。

The experiment was conducted to demonstrate the habit of bloom, the character of pollen morphology and yield components. The result showed the habit of bloom in single flower in annualroot lotus was similar to that of perennialroot lotus(control), but both of the habit of bloom in population were different,the flowering stage of annualroot lotus was 5-10 days later than that of the control. In response to temperature,the annualroot lotus was sensitive resulting in the difference in diameter of seedpot and number of carpel in a seedpot by the varied temperature. The yield of annualroot lotus was 19.9% higher than that of the control, the decline of yield resulted from the reduction of fructification percentage and the weight of single seed. Otherwise, the result indicated that the character of pollen morphology of different lotus was significant difference at different planting year, the form and structure of pollen in annualroot lotus was normal, but those in perennialroot lotus was bad developed, and the longer planting year was, the higher aborted pollen ratio was.