岷江上游土地退化及其防治对策

Land Degradation and Countermeasures in Upper Reach of Minjiang River

土地退化是全球生态环境恶化的主要形式之一,严重的土地退化已成为岷江上游地区经济可持续发展的障碍。分析了该区土地退化的现状:水土流失严重,干旱河谷进一步扩大;以及自然生态系统的脆弱性,人口快速增长和草场过度放牧等土地退化因素。并在此基础上提出了为改善生态环境而调整农业生产结构、加大坡耕地的坡改梯力度、控制人口增长,提高人口素质和加强法制建设及其监督管理的土地退化防治对策。

Land degradation is not only a great environmental problem at present, but a great economic and social problem. It is one of the important forms of global ecoenvironmental deterioration, which prevents the sustainable economic development of the upper reach of Minjiang river. The land degradation status, especially the soil erosion and water losses are described, the whole area of which is 10 264.69 km2 in 1989 and 11 913.14 km2 in 1999, and respectively makes up 41.56% and 48.24% of the total area of the upper reach of Minjiang river. The causes of land degradation are analyzed. Based on the situation of the study area, countermeasures for land degradation control are put forward, namely, adjusting the agricultural structure, increasing the reverting from slope lands into terrace, controlling the population explosion and strengthening the legal system construction as well as the supervision.