几种作物不同生育阶段对持续受渍的敏感性研究

Subsurface Waterlogging Tolerances in Different Growth Stages of Three Crops

以减产幅度作为作物各生育阶段对持续受渍的敏感性评价指标 ,进行了棉花、大豆、油菜 3种作物不同生育阶段持续受渍试验。初步研究表明 ,持续受渍对作物产量影响最大的时段棉花在蕾玲期 (减产 2 9.98%～ 31 .2 9% ) ,大豆在初花期和花荚期 (减产 31 .1 9%～ 34 .4 9% ) ,油菜在花期 (减产 39.5 9% )。需要指出的是 ,棉花的吐絮初期、大豆的结荚期、油菜的苔期和花果期等排水管理也不容忽视 ,这些阶段较长时间持续受渍也会引起较为严重的减产 ,减产幅度达 1 8.38%～ 2 8.6 2 %。

A field experiment was carried out to study the tolerances of cotton, soybean and rape to subsurface waterlogging, with yield reduction degree as an index. The preliminary results showed that the tolerances of three crops changed obviously with different growing stages. The most sensitive growing period to subsurface waterlogging is bud stage to boll-forming stage for cotton (yield reducing 29.98%～31.29%), early flowering stage to pod-forming stage for soybean (yield reducing 31.19%～34.49%), and blossoming stage for rape (yield reducing 39.59%). It is necessary to point out that the drainage management also should not be ignored in early boll opening stage for cotton, pod-forming stage for soybean and rape, because that the degree of yield reductions in there stages amount to 18.38%～ 26.82%.